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Objective:To analyze the incidence of brucellosis and the genotypes of Brucella isolates or nucleic acids in Shaanxi Province, to get the epidemiological and molecular genetic characteristics, and to provide scientific basis for precise prevention and control of human brucellosis. Methods:Log into the Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information System, collect the incidence data of human brucellosis of Shaanxi Province in 2020, and analyze the epidemiological characteristics. Bacteriology and PCR methods were used to identify the isolates or nucleic acids, and multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) was used for molecular typing. BioNumerics (Version 7.6) software was used to analyze the results of MLVA.Results:In 2020, 1 086 cases of human brucellosis were reported in Shaanxi Province, the incidence rate was 2.80/100 000, involving 86 counties (districts), the epidemic peak was from March to September (865 cases), male-to-female ratio was 2.68 ∶ 1.00 (791 ∶ 295), 79.74% (866 cases) in the age group of 30 to 69 years old, and 83.43% (906 cases) of the cases were farmers. Biotype identification of 36 isolates showed that 4 isolates were mutant Brucella melitensis, 3 isolates were Brucella melitensis 1 and 29 isolates were Brucella melitensis 3. The 36 isolates and 7 nucleic acids were identified as Brucella by BCSP31-PCR and Brucella melitensis by AMOS-PCR. MLVA-16 genotyping, panel1 showed two genotypes: type 42 (1-5-3-13-2-2-3-2) and type 63 (1-5-3-13-2-3-3-2), panel2A showed 4-41-8 and panel2B showed high variability. Thirty-six isolates and 7 nucleic acids were divided into 33 genotypes, of which 27 genotypes were single isolates and 6 genotypes were shared. Conclusions:The situation of human brucellosis prevention and control in Shaanxi Province is grim. MLVA-16 is a mature genotyping method, which determines the existence of multiple genotypes of Brucella isolates or nucleic acids in Shaanxi Province, which can provide scientific information for precise prevention and control of human brucellosis, outbreak analysis and epidemiological traceability.
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Objective:To analyze a family clustering of coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19） associated with the exposure to an asymptomatic case， and to provide evidences of developing strategies for COVID-19 prevention. Methods:Epidemiological investigation was conducted on a COVID-19 family cluster （1 confirmed case and 2 asymptomatic cases）. The specimens of the cases were tested for 2019 novel coronavirus nucleic acid with real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results:The clustering epidemic occurred in a family. Two asymptomatic cases B and C （B’s son） had Wuhan residential history. After arrival in Beijing on January 24， 2020， B stayed in his mother's house. One family member A （B’s mother） developed the disease on February 7， 2020， while the other two family members D and E （B’s wife and brother） did not develop the disease， and they were managed as close contacts. Conclusion:Thisfamily COVID-19 clustering is induced by the exposure to an asymptomatic case. Identification of asymptomatic cases is very important for the control of COVID-19 epidemic.
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Objective To investigate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of crayfish associated rhabdomyolysis syndrome in Baiyun District, Guangzhou, and explore the related factors, and to provide evidence for the prevention of crayfish rhabdomyolysis syndrome. Methods The cases of crawfish associated rhabdomyolysis syndrome were found through the foodborne disease surveillance and reporting system, and a field epidemiological investigation was carried out to analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the cases. Results A total of 25 cases of crayfish associated rhabdomyolysis syndrome occurred in 2020. The intake of crayfish of the cases ranged from 5 to 25, the incubation period was 1 to 9.5h, and the interval from onset to medical treatment was 0.17 to 9h. All the cases had muscle pain, and the content of creatine kinase (CK) in the cases increased to varying degrees (128-17851 U/L). Retrospective cohort analysis of 10 crayfish events found no correlation between the consumption of different parts of crayfish and the incidence of crayfish-related rhabdomyolysis syndrome. Conclusion The incidence of rhabdomyolysis syndrome reported in Baiyun District of Guangzhou is related to the consumption of crayfish, but the pathogenic factors need to be further studied. It is suggested to strengthen the supervision of crayfish breeding, transportation, sales, and processing to ensure the health of consumers.
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Objective@#To understand the possible transmission route of a family cluster of COVID-19 in Zhengzhou and the potential infectivity of COVID-19 in incubation period, and provide scientific evidence for the timely control of infectious source and curb the spread of the epidemic.@*Methods@#Epidemiological investigation was conducted for a family cluster of COVID-19 (8 cases) with descriptive epidemiological method, and respiratory tract samples of the cases were collected for the nucleic acid detection of 2019-nCoV by RT-PCR.@*Results@#Two primary cases, which occurred on 31 January and 1 February, 2020, respectively, had a common exposure history in Wuhan. The other six family members had onsets on 30 January, 31 January, 1 February (three cases) and 3 February, 2020.@*Conclusions@#In this family cluster of COVID-19, six family members were infected through common family exposure to the 2 primary cases. Five secondary cases had onsets earlier than or on the same day as the primary cases, indicating that COVID-19 is contagious in incubation period, and the home isolation in the early phase of the epidemic might lead to the risk of family cluster of COVID-19.
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Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) commonly causes orolabial ulcers. However, HSV-1 has become an increasing cause of genital infection in recent years and found to have close relationship associated with Alzheimer′s disease. HSV infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. It has been received renewed attention in recent years, due to improvements in the understanding of the epidemiological synergy between HSV and other severe diseases, including HIV, sexually transmitted infections, and even neurocognitive impairment. In the context of global renewed attention and responses to HSV infection, we summarize the epidemic of HSV infection at home and abroad in this review, to provide an overview of the data available on HSV infections situation, trends and responses.
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Objective@#To analyze the clinical epidemiological situation and trend of brucellosis in Shanxi Province in order to provide the basis for diagnosis.@*Methods@#Brucellosis cases admitted to the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University during January 2013 to December 2015 were included in the study. A retrospective investigation was undertaken and patient files were reviewed for general situation, clinical and laboratory findings, the process of diagnosis and treatments.@*Results@#The data of 141 patients were collected, including 100 males and 41 females, the male to female ratio was 2.44 ∶ 1.00; the majority were 51-60 years old, 49 cases, accounting for 34.75%; the peak incidence was July and August each year, a total of 51 cases, accounting for 36.17%; of the 141 patients, 112 (79.43%) were professional, 29 (20.57%) were non-professional; and the clinical performance was diverse, 114 (80.85%) patients with irregular heat type, only 17 cases (12.06%) showed typical migratory joint pain; 31 cases (21.99%) were first diagnosed with only brucellosis, the shortest misdiagnosis time was 1 week, and the longest 18 month, the average misdiagnosis time was 3 months, and the total misdiagnosis rate was as high as 78.01% (110/141).@*Conclusions@#Significant changes have happened in the clinical epidemiological characteristics of brucellosis in Shanxi Province. Various forms of prevention knowledge propaganda and education should be continually carried out, so as to strengthen the awareness and attention of the clinical workers on the disease.
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Objective@#To analyze the deaths with antiretroviral treatment among adult HIV/AIDS patients in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture from 2005 to 2015, in order to understand the epidemiological characteristics and to further reduce the mortality rate in Liangshan Prefecture.@*Methods@#The relevant information was collected through the Management Database of Antiretroviral Treatment from the National AIDS Comprehensive Prevention Information System.@*Results@#From 2005 to 2015, a total of 14 219 adult HIV/AIDS patients received antiretroviral treatment and 1 425 death cases were reported during the treatment. The cause of death was mainly AIDS-related diseases (58.9%), and the cumulative mortality rate was 10.02%. Gender, age, the way of infection, duration of antiretroviral therapy, clinical stage when received antiretroviral therapy, and CD4+ T lymphocyte levels were factors for the mortality rate (P<0.001). The mortality increased with older age, higher initiation clinical stage and lower level of CD4+ T lymphocyte. Among the death cases, 82.6% were male, 1 182 (82.9%) were married or cohabited, most aged between 30-39 years old (48.6%). At the initial point of receiving antiretroviral therapy, 49.7% of the cases with CD4+T lymphocytes levels< 200/μl, 61.2% of the deaths cases were>1 000 copies/ml during the last viral load test, and 16.2% of deaths were ≥500/μl in the last CD4+T lymphocyte test; 44.5% of deaths were received antiretroviral treatment within one year.@*Conclusion@#Early and timely antiretroviral therapy should be carried out. It is necessary to strengthen the propaganda of antiretroviral therapy and to improve the management quality of follow-up information of antiretroviral therapy case files, and to improve the medication compliance of patients.
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Objective@#To analyze the incidence of pneumoconiosis among workers in the coal industry in the past 13 years in Chongqing, understand the different epidemiological characteristics of new pneumoconiosis among workers in the coal industry in the city, provide basic evidence for the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis.@*Methods@#Collecting new cases of pneumoconiosis diagnosed in the coal industry in Chongqing in January 2006-May 2018, and analyze its epidemiological characteristics.@*Results@#In January 2006-May 2018, 25329 cases of pneumoconiosis were added to workers in the coal industry in Chongqing, and 23, 328 cases were present, all male. Among the existing cases: coal workers' pneumoconiosis accounted for 89.30%, silicosis accounted for 10.70%; age distribution was 50-59 years old. The main, accounting for 45.19%, the average age of onset was 52.21±7.45 years; the actual dusting age was mainly 10-19 years, the average actual working age was 17.52±8.47 years; the distribution of the work was mainly by the main coal mining (53.20%) ; There are more new cases in enterprises, accounting for 88.86%; distributed in 36 districts and counties.@*Conclusion@#There was a large number of new pneumoconiosis diseases in the coal industry in Chongqing. Different measures should be taken according to the characteristics of different enterprises, and relevant enterprises should be urged to take the initiative to carry out occupational health surveillance, effectively protect the health of workers, improve the coordination mechanism, improve medical security, and gradually realize government assistance and Social care is combined.
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Herpes simplex virus type 1 ( HSV-1 ) commonly causes orolabial ulcers. However, HSV-1 has become an increasing cause of genital infection in recent years and found to have close relation-ship associated with Alzheimer′s disease. HSV infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted dis-eases. It has been received renewed attention in recent years, due to improvements in the understanding of the epidemiological synergy between HSV and other severe diseases, including HIV, sexually transmitted in-fections, and even neurocognitive impairment. In the context of global renewed attention and responses to HSV infection, we summarize the epidemic of HSV infection at home and abroad in this review, to provide an overview of the data available on HSV infections situation, trends and responses.
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Objective To investigate the genetic variation and epidemiological characteristics of influenza B virus in Xinxiang to provide policy basis for local influenza vaccination. Methods The influenza surveillance data in Xinxiang from January 2012 to February 2019 was analyzed. 23 isolated influenza B virus were randomly selected for hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene sequencing. Sequence alignment was conducted by using DNAman software and phylogenetic tree analysis was conducted using Neighbor-Joining method. Results Yamagata (BY) and Victoria (BV) strains of influenza B virus circulated alternately every other year in Xinxiang, mainly among people aged 0-15 years (91.4%). The dominant influenza B lineages from 2015 to 2016 and from 2017 to 2018 did not match the corresponding trivalent vaccine strain of the year. The HA phylogenetic tree revealed that 87.5% (7/8) of BV strains coexisted with the vaccine strain in one branch, while 88.98% (8/9) of BY strains from 2013 to 2015 were not in the same branch as the corresponding vaccine strain, with 5 epitope site mutions N116K, S150L, N165Y, D196N and N202S. No drug-resistant site mutation was identified in the NA gene. A total of 6 intra-lineage reassortants were identified. Conclusions The influenza B lineage in the trivalent vaccine recommended by WHO did not match the dominant circulating B lineage of Xinxiang in some epidemic year. Therefore, quadrivalent vaccines are recommended to use in susceptible population, especially under the age of 15. In addition, there are large variations in HA gene of the epidemic BY strain compared with the corresponding vaccine. Then, a vaccine more sutable for the epidemic strains in China is expected to be developed.
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PURPOSE: There are limited population-based data regarding herpes zoster in children. Thus we conducted a multi-institutional epidemiological analysis of herpes zoster in children and comparative analysis according to their immune status. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 126 children under the age of 18 years who were hospitalized for herpes zoster at 8 hospitals in South Korea, between July 2009 and June 2015. The subjects were divided into 2 groups according to their immune status, and medical records were reviewed. RESULTS: There were 61 cases (48.4%) in the immunocompetent group and 65 cases (51.6%) in the immunocompromised group. Median age was older in immunocompromised group (11.4 vs. 8.6) (p<0.001). The mean duration of hospitalization was longer in immunocompromised group (11.0 vs. 6.6) (p<0.001). Patients were treated with oral or intravenous antiviral agents. A total of 12 in immunocompetent group were cured only by oral acyclovir. No treatment failure was found in both groups. Six immunocompromised patients had postherpetic neuralgia and 1 case was in immunocompetent group. In immunocompetent children, herpes zoster was likely caused by early varicella infection. There was no increase in progression of severity in both groups due to appropriate treatment. CONCLUSION: Early initiation of therapy is necessary for those in immunocompromised conditions. And inactivated herpes zoster vaccination may be considered in immunocompromised adolescents in the future.
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Adolescent , Child , Humans , Acyclovir , Antiviral Agents , Chickenpox , Child, Hospitalized , Herpes Zoster , Hospitalization , Immunocompromised Host , Korea , Medical Records , Neuralgia, Postherpetic , Treatment Failure , VaccinationABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the clinical epidemiological situation and trend of brucellosis in Shanxi Province in order to provide the basis for diagnosis. Methods Brucellosis cases admitted to the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University during January 2013 to December 2015 were included in the study. A retrospective investigation was undertaken and patient files were reviewed for general situation, clinical and laboratory findings, the process of diagnosis and treatments. Results The data of 141 patients were collected, including 100 males and 41 females, the male to female ratio was 2.44 : 1.00; the majority were 51 - 60 years old, 49 cases, accounting for 34.75％; the peak incidence was July and August each year, a total of 51 cases, accounting for 36.17％; of the 141 patients, 112 (79.43％) were professional, 29 (20.57％ ) were non -professional; and the clinical performance was diverse, 114 (80.85％) patients with irregular heat type, only 17 cases (12.06％) showed typical migratory joint pain; 31 cases (21.99％) were first diagnosed with only brucellosis, the shortest misdiagnosis time was 1 week, and the longest 18 month, the average misdiagnosis time was 3 months, and the total misdiagnosis rate was as high as 78.01％ (110/141). Conclusions Significant changes have happened in the clinical epidemiological characteristics of brucellosis in Shanxi Province. Various forms of prevention knowledge propaganda and education should be continually carried out, so as to strengthen the awareness and attention of the clinical workers on the disease.
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Infecções agudas bucomaxilofaciais podem ser condições clínicas graves e de ocorrência comum, caracterizadas pela disseminação do processo infeccioso a tecidos adjacentes e espaços faciais da região de cabeça e pescoço, podendo resultar em várias complicações, até mesmo em óbito, embora seja raro. Objetivo: realizar uma análise epidemiológica de infecções maxilofaciais, relacionando os dados ao tratamento instituído e à sua efetividade, bem como analisar dados referentes a idade, sexo, principais dentes envolvidos e tempo total de internação. Sujeito e método: foram analisados retrospectivamente 240 prontuários de pacientes admitidos no Hospital Universitário de Maringá com infecção odontogênica, atendidos pela equipe de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial no período de janeiro de 2009 a janeiro de 2017. Resultados: a média de idade dos pacientes foi de 38 anos, com 57 mulheres e 54 homens. A média de temperatura de admissão foi 38,5°C. A região mais acometida foi o ramo posterior da mandíbula, tendo uma média de duração de infecção e hospitalização de 6,1 dias. A principal conduta foi drenagem e antibioticoterapia, sendo que cerca de 13 pacientes não precisaram desse tipo de intervenção, e um paciente evoluiu a óbito. Conclusão: com base nestes resultados e na literatura, infecções odontogênicas merecem atenção, pois podem ser fatais e requerem internação rápida e tratamento adequado. Esse, portanto, é um assunto de grande importância para o cirurgião- -dentista, que exerce papel fundamental na prevenção e no tratamento. A resolução precoce ainda é a forma mais adequada para evitar complicações mais graves. (AU)
Acute Oral maxillofacial infections can be serious and relatively common clinical conditions, characterized by the spread of the infectious process to adjacent tissues and facial spaces of the head and neck region, which can result in several complications and lead to even death, although it is rare. Objective: the objective of this study was to perform an epidemiological analysis of maxillofacial infections and relate their data to the treatment instituted and the effectiveness of the same, as well as to analyze data regarding the age, sex, main teeth involved and total time of hospitalization. Subjects and method: in order to carry out study, 240 medical recordswere analyzed retrospectivelyat the University Hospital of Maringá of the patients with odontogenic infection attended by the Oral Maxillofacial Surgeon in the period of January 2009 to January 2017. Results: as a result, mean age was 38 years, with 57 women and 54 men and mean intake temperature was 38.5 °. The most affected region was the posterior branch of the mandible, with a mean duration of infection and hospitalization of 6.1 days. The main conduct was drainage and antibiotic therapy, and about 13 patients did not need this intervention and only 1 died. Conclusion: Based on these results and in literature, attention should be paid to odontogenic infections, which can be fatal and require proper treatment. This is a subject of great importance for the dentist, who plays a key role in prevention and proper treatment, its early resolution is still the most appropriate way to avoid serious complications. (AU)
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Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Jaw Diseases/therapy , Jaw Diseases/epidemiology , Bacterial Infections/therapy , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, University/statistics & numerical data , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
We analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of brucellosis in Jinzhou from 2001 to 2015 and provided scientific evidence for the development of prevention and control measures.The descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the incidence data and surveillance result of human brucellosis in Jinzhou during that period.We also conducted correlation analysis of positive rate(sera agglutination titers) and incidence rate of human brucellosis in Jinzhou City.The prevalence of human brucellosis in Jinzhou during 2001-2015 was 0.45/100 000 to 16.53/100 000.The surveillance results showed that the reporting time of human brucellosis case mainly concentrated in March to July,accounting for 66.89％ of the total.In 2003-2015,5 904 blood samples were collected from risk population.Totally,296 were positive for Brucella (5.01％) by sera agglutination titers.From 2007,63 strains of Brucella were isolated from 136 blood samples in which 48 were Brucella melitensis type 3,12 were Brucella melitensis type 1,2 were Brucella melitensis variation type and 1 was Brucella canis.Human brucellosis cases in Jinzhou City is upward trend in recent years and the predominant strain circulated was Brucella melitensis type 3.The situation of dogs carrying Brucella should be given a certain view,and timely elimination of sick dogs should be implemented.
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Objective This study aims to better understand lightning deaths and their distribution law in Liaoning Province and provide a reliable basis for the forensic analysis and identification of lightning deaths and the related research. Methods A retrospective review of related data of lightning deaths from Forensic Science Division of Liaoning Provincial Public Security Department was performed between 2010 and 2015 .Results One hundred and twelve decedents were identified, ages 6–72 years old (mean 37.4 years old), 85 males and 27 females. Physical findings were often related to the superthermal effect carried by the electrical current including the damage of clothing and the metal items(55.4%) , burning of skin(54.5%), lightning mark(19.6%). Most deaths occurred from June to August of each year between 14:00 and 20:00 at weekends, associated with the location, work and activity environment. The number of deaths in rural areas is higher than that in urban areas. Conclusion The occurrence of lightning death cases has certain regularity,systematic and comprehensive examination of lightning deaths are required. Through the statistics of the lightning deaths in Liaoning Province and the analysis of related influencing factors , it is conducive to improving the level of scene investigation and forensic identification of the lightning deaths.
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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and the change trends of malignant tumor death in Xiqing District of Tianjin in 2010-2015, and to provide reference for prevention and treatment of malignant tumor. Methods The death monitoring data in 2010-2015 of Xiqing District were collected, and which were classified by international classification of diseases ICD-10 encoding. The mortality rate, standardized mortality rate of malignant tumor and tumor death in different gender and age groups were analyzed. Results The average annual crude mortality rate of malignant tumors was 142.90/100000 in Xiqing District of Tianjin from 2010 to 2015, and the standardized mortality rate was 98.95/100000. The average crude mortality rate of male was 165.25/100000, the standardized mortality rate was 110.21/100000. The average crude mortality rate of female was 121.23/100000, and the standardized mortality rate was 87.54/100000. Among the leading causes of death in malignant tumors, the top three leading cancer types were lung cancer (62.42/100000), liver cancer (18.82/100000) and gastric cancer (13.22/100000). The mortality rates of lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, leukemia, esophageal cancer, bladder cancer and nasopharyngeal carcinoma were significantly higher in males than those in females (P<0.05). There were death cases in different age groups, and the high mortality rate was concentrated in the age group of 0-1 and age group of more than 85. Conclusion The lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer and other malignant tumors pose a serious threat to the health of Xiqing district residents. It is important to improve the monitoring system and promote the prevention and control of risk factors, continue to strengthen tobacco control and air pollution control, advocate a reasonable diet, moderate exercise and healthy lifestyle, take the comprehensive intervention measures, and reduce the incidence of malignant tumors.
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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of malaria and to discover the regularity of malaria outbreaks in Nanchang City from 1950 to 2015, so as to provide a scientific basis for developing control strategies after the goal of malaria elimination has been achieved. Method Malaria related data, report forms and work summary in Nanchang from 1950 to 2015 were collected and analyzed to indicate malaria distribution characteristics via the descriptive epidemiological methods. Results The total number of malaria cases reported in Nanchang City was 1449878 from 1950 to 2015. The particular years with the three peaks of malaria epidemic from 1950s to 1970s were 1954, 1970 and 1977. The climax of annual mean incidence rate of malaria (6948.75 per 100 thousand) was reached in 1970. Totally 1449739 local recurrence cases were reported between 1950 and 1999. There were 484292 local recurrence cases (accounting for 68.80%, 484292/703911) that were diagnosed in the malaria epidemic seasons, May to August. There were 44931, 25684, 22614 and 5842 cases reported in Nanchang County, Xinjian County, Jinxian County and Qingshanhu District, which ranked the top 4 of epidemic focus areas ( accounting for 90 . 65%, 99071/109293) between 1980 and 1989. The 13245 cases reported between 1972 and 1985 in the three county/districts (Jinxian County, Xihu District and Wanli District), included 8513 cases of male and 4732 cases of female. The 126 cases reported between 2005 and 2015, included 122 imported cases who were mostly returnees after overseas labor output and 57 falciparum malaria cases with a increasing trend year by year. There was no correlation between the seasonal change and the occurrence of malaria. Conclusions The comprehensive prevention and control measures based on eliminating the source of infection can effectively control the epidemic of malaria. It is suggested that the surveillance on imported falciparum malaria cases should be the focus in prevention and control of the disease at the late-stage because the epidemiological characteristics of local malaria cases have died out completely.
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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in Zhejiang Province from 2007 to 2016 for developing the measures of control and prevention. Methods The data were collected from national notifiable diseases registry system (NNDRS) and case-based JE surveillance system (JESS) from 2007 to 2016, and they were analyzed through descriptive epidemiological method and Microsoft Office Excel 2010. Results From 2007 to 2016, a total of 595 JE cases were reported in Zhejiang Province, with an average annual incidence of 0.114 per 100000 population, among which, 559 (93.95%) were laboratory confirmed. During the ten years, 20 cases died and the average annual case fatality rate was 3.36% . Cases were distributed mainly in Wenzhou, Ningbo and Taizhou Cities, which accounting for 54.79% of the total.The peak months were July, accounting for 86.89% of all the cases.And 85.71% of all the cases were in the age of 0-14 years and 47.73% were scattered children.And 22.77% of the JE cases were vaccinated but 14.01% of them did not complete the whole course.And 77.23% of the cases did not have the experience of vaccination or unknown.Conclusion The incidence of JE is decreasing. The occurrence of JE is sporadic with distinct seasonal peak and mainly concentrating in young-age children.
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The aim of this study is to investigate the epidemic condition of water-related diseases in the eastern route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP).All data were extracted from published literatures in Chinese about water-related diseases in the eastern route of SNWDP.Pooled analysis was used to explore geographical distribution and epidemiology of the disease.A total of 325 articles about water-related diseases were retrieved during 1953 to 2013,and 209 articles were included in this study.Pooling analysis showed that Shandong Province had the largest number of cases for water-related diseases,following by Jiangsu,Hebei,Tianjin,and Anhui.The numbers of cases were relative small before 1960s according to epidemic curve,and the curve peaked in the 1970s,and decreased after the 1980s.A total of 1 383 834 cases of bacillary dysentery was reported,accounting for 84％ of all water-related diseases on these regions of SNWDP,and followed by hepatitis A,hepatitis E,Japanese encephalitis,typhoid and paratyphoid fever and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.Other reported diseases displayed scatter condition and a small numbers of cases.The prevalence of water-related diseases is sporadic and a trend of decline along the regions of the eastern route of SNWDP.
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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and the change trends of malignant tumor death in Xiqing District of Tianjin in 2010-2015, and to provide reference for prevention and treatment of malignant tumor. Methods The death monitoring data in 2010-2015 of Xiqing District were collected, and which were classified by international classification of diseases ICD-10 encoding. The mortality rate, standardized mortality rate of malignant tumor and tumor death in different gender and age groups were analyzed. Results The average annual crude mortality rate of malignant tumors was 142.90/100000 in Xiqing District of Tianjin from 2010 to 2015, and the standardized mortality rate was 98.95/100000. The average crude mortality rate of male was 165.25/100000, the standardized mortality rate was 110.21/100000. The average crude mortality rate of female was 121.23/100000, and the standardized mortality rate was 87.54/100000. Among the leading causes of death in malignant tumors, the top three leading cancer types were lung cancer (62.42/100000), liver cancer (18.82/100000) and gastric cancer (13.22/100000). The mortality rates of lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, leukemia, esophageal cancer, bladder cancer and nasopharyngeal carcinoma were significantly higher in males than those in females (P<0.05). There were death cases in different age groups, and the high mortality rate was concentrated in the age group of 0-1 and age group of more than 85. Conclusion The lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer and other malignant tumors pose a serious threat to the health of Xiqing district residents. It is important to improve the monitoring system and promote the prevention and control of risk factors, continue to strengthen tobacco control and air pollution control, advocate a reasonable diet, moderate exercise and healthy lifestyle, take the comprehensive intervention measures, and reduce the incidence of malignant tumors.